Ovarian Cysts Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Ovarian Cysts, including details on causes, treatment, symptoms, infertility. | ||||||
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Excessive ovarian production of nerve growth factor facilitates development of cystic ovarian morphology in mice and is a feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome in humans.Dissen GA, Garcia-Rudaz C, Paredes A, Mayer C, Mayerhofer A, Ojeda SR Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006-3448, USA. disseng@ohsu.edu Although ovarian nerve growth factor (NGF) facilitates follicular development and ovulation, an excess of the neurotrophin in the rodent ovary reduces ovulatory capacity and causes development of precystic follicles. Here we show that ovarian NGF production is enhanced in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and that transgenically driven overproduction of NGF targeted to the ovary results in cystic morphology, when accompanied by elevated LH levels. NGF levels are increased in the follicular fluid from PCOS ovaries and in the culture medium of granulosa cells from PCOS patients, as compared with non-PCOS patients. Ovaries from transgenic mice carrying the NGF gene targeted to thecal-interstitial cells by the 17alpha-hydroxylase gene promoter produce more NGF than wild-type (WT) ovaries and are hyperinnervated by sympathetic nerves. Antral follicle growth is arrested resulting in accumulation of intermediate size follicles, many of which are apoptotic. Peripubertal transgenic mice respond to a gonadotropin challenge with a greater increase in plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol, and testosterone levels than WT controls. Transgenic mice also exhibit a reduced ovulatory response, delayed puberty, and reduced fertility, as assessed by a prolonged interval between litters, and a reduced number of pups per litter. Sustained, but mild, elevation of plasma LH levels results in a heightened incidence of ovarian follicular cysts in transgenic mice as compared with WT controls. These results suggest that overproduction of ovarian NGF is a component of polycystic ovarian morphology in both humans and rodents and that a persistent elevation in plasma LH levels is required for the morphological abnormalities to appear. Published 21 May 2009 in Endocrinology, 150(6): 2906-14. Articles on Ovarian Cysts published 7 May 2009: Asymptomatic volunteers with a polycystic ovary are a functionally distinct but heterogeneous population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94(5): 1579-86. CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the ovarian function of asymptomatic volunteers with a polycystic ovary (V-PCO). PARTICIPANTS: Non-hirsute eumenorrheic V-PCO (n = 32) and volunteers with ultrasonographically normal ovaries (V-NO) (n = 21) were compared with one another and with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients who met National Institute of Health criteria (n = 90). DESIGN/SETTING/INTERVENTIONS: GnRH agonist (GnRHag), ACTH, and oral glucose tolerance tests were ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Characterization of functionally typical and atypical types of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94(5): 1587-94. CONTEXT: The typical polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype includes 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) hyperresponsiveness to GnRH agonist (GnRHag) testing. Functionally atypical PCOS lacks this feature. OBJECTIVE: The hypothesis was tested that the typical PCOS ovarian dysfunction results from intrinsically increased sensitivity to LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) due to a flaw in FSH action. PARTICIPANTS/DESIGN/INTERVENTIONS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After phenotyping a cohort of 60 women, ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Prevalence of insulin resistance and determination of risk factors for glucose intolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study of Chinese infertility patients. Fertil Steril, 91(5): 1864-8. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of abnormalities in glucose metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and control infertility patients in Taiwan, and to determine the predictive risk factors for PCOS. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Infertility Center, Taiwan Adventist Hospital. PATIENT(S): Three hundred fifty-six patients with PCOS and 974 control infertility patients. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S): Hormone assay and 75-g oral glucose ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Suppression and recovery of gonadotropin and steroid secretion by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist in healthy women with normal ovulation versus women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the early follicular phase. Fertil Steril, 91(5): 1857-63. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix on the gonadal axis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Observational clinical study. SETTING: Academic research center. PATIENT(S): Ten patients with PCOS and 10 controls with normal ovulation. INTERVENTION(S): Patients received a daily cetrorelix injection (0.25 mg SC at 9:00 am) for 6 days, starting from day 3 of the menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum gonadotropin, E(2), T, 17-OH-P, and ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Influence of sociocultural factors on the ovulatory status of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril, 91(5): 1853-6. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of social and cultural differences inside the same ethnic group on the ovulatory status of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: To correlate social and cultural status with the phenotypic expression (body weight and ovulation) and with androgen and insulin levels of PCOS. SETTING: University department of medicine. PATIENT(S): Two hundred and forty-four consecutive PCOS women. INTERVENTION(S): All studied patients completed a simple questionnaire ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Premature luteinization and in vitro fertilization outcome in gonadotropin/gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril, 91(5): 1755-9. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of premature luteinization in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with exogenous gonadotropin/GnRH antagonist (GnRH-a); to compare clinical outcomes in patients with and without premature luteinization. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: IVF clinic. PATIENT(S): Thirty-five treatment cycles in 30 patients with PCOS. INTERVENTION(S): Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Articles on Ovarian Cysts published 27 April 2009: Genetic variation in exon 17 of INSR is associated with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia among lean Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol, 160(5): 855-62. OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multigenic disorder, and insulin resistance is one of its hallmark features. Polymorphisms in exon 17 of insulin receptor (INSR) gene are reported to be associated with PCOS. We investigated this association in Indian women and its putative relationship with PCOS associated traits, which has not been explored so far. METHODS: In this case control study, the polymorphisms were investigated by direct sequencing in 180 women with PCOS and 144 age ... [Abstract] [Full-text] Anti-mullerian hormone is associated with advanced glycosylated end products in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol, 160(5): 847-53. OBJECTIVE: Oocyte maturation process characterizes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The mechanisms of this abnormality leading to chronic anovulation are under investigation. Advanced glycosylated end products (AGEs), a marker of oxidative stress linked with oocyte maturation are localized in granulosa cells and are increased in sera, in women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship, whether there is an association between the anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), a ... [Abstract] [Full-text] © 2004-2009 Ovarian Cysts Research Today. All Rights Reserved. |
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